Oscar Wilde :: essays research papers

Oscar Wilde Oscar Wilde (real name Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde) was born on October 16th, 1854 in Dublin. His father, William Robert Wilde, was an eminent eye doctor, with an interest in myths and folklore. He was the founder of the first eye and ear hospital in Great Britain, as well as the appointed Surgeon Occultist to the Queen, who knighted him. His mother, Jane Francesca Elgee Wilde, was a poet who wrote patriotic Irish verse under the pen name Speranza, and had a considerable following. As a youngster, Wilde was exposed to the brilliant literary talk of the day at his mother's Dublin salon. In 1864 Wilde entered the Portora Royal School at Enniskillen, and in 1871 entered Trinity College in Dublin. In 1874 he left Ireland and went to England to attend Magdalen College at Oxford. As a student there, he excelled in classics, wrote poetry, and incorporated the Bohemian life style of his youth into a unique way of life. He came under the influence of aesthetic innovators such as English writers Walter Pater and John Ruskin. He found the aesthetic movement's notions of "art for art's sake" and dedicating one's life to art suitable to his temperament and talents. As an aesthete, Wilde wore long hair and velvet knee breeches, and became known for his eccentricity as well as his academic ability. His rooms were filled with various objets d'art such as sunflowers, peacock feathers, and blue china. Wilde frequently confided that his greatest challenge at University was learning to live up to the perfection of the china. Wilde won numerous academic prizes while studying there, including the Newdigate Prize, a coveted poetry award, for his poem Ravenna. In 1879 Wilde moved to London to make himself famous. He set about establishing himself as the leader and model of the aesthetic movement. Besides his hair and breeches, he added loose-fitting wide-collared silk shirts with flowing ties and lavender colored gloves. He frequently carried a jewel-topped cane and was caricatured in the press flamboyantly attired and holding an over- sized sunflower, an icon of the movement. Wilde quickly became well known despite having any substantial achievements to build on. His natural wit and good humor endeared him to the art and theater world, and through his lover Frank Miles, he found it easy to become part of the cliques that frequented London's theater circuit and drawing rooms. He became a much desired party guest, and eventually his popularity led to his being chosen as an advance publicity man for a new Gilbert and Sullivan operetta, Patience, that spoofed

Employee Representation Essay

The rise of capitalism in industrialized societies ad increase in case of exploitation of employees led to the rise of trade unions.   The trade unions were formed for the purpose of representing employees through preventing exploitation by their employers.   The increased cases of exploitation in terms of wage and other issues that affected employees in organisation, industries and companies led to the formation of trade unions.    The trade unions aim was to improve employees pay and other employment conditions through representing the employees in a collectively bargaining.   The formation of trade unions was initially objected by employers who felt they had a right to exploit the poor since they owned factors of production.  Ã‚   In today’s society most employers who understand the role of trade union appreciate the efforts made by trade unions.  Ã‚   A group of employees may join together to form a trade union and they may seek recognition from their employer (Blyton and Turnbull, 61). Collective bargaining involves the process by which the employer and trade unions discuss and agree on the employment terms and conditions.   The collective bargaining does not normally establish legal relations between the employee and employer. However, the agreement areas which relate to terms and conditions of employment become basis of employment contract.   The employer and employee can then agree on the employment terms as agreed between the employee and trade unions although it’s subject to any changes made between the employee and the employer.   Collective bargaining takes place in firms of all sides.   Good employer-employee relationships contribute to a healthy employer-trade union relationship. The effectiveness if trade unions can only be measured through the outcomes of intervention in employer-employee relationship.   Some trade unions have been known to be dormant and reap money out of employees yet no change is noticed in employees conditions under which they work.   Few trade unions have colluded with employers and oppressed employees after which the employers have supported to the collapse of the trade unions due to breach of contract. A trade union is an independent   body which been formed by individuals who volunteer to form an association whose main goal is to represent and protect the employment, service-related, professional, economic and social rights and interests of the employees.   Employees regards to anyone employed despite the nature of work. The trade unions achieve their set goals though dialogue with employees, association of employees, local government and the government in which trade union exist.   The dialogue is based on consultancy and collective bargaining on issues that are of interest to employees.   All employees are at liberty to join or not to join any â€Å"trade union except members of National Defence Force, National Intelligence Agency and South African secret service (Edwards, 36). Extent to which employee representation through trade unions is effective depends on the nature of employment and size of business or organisation in which the employee is working in.   In small organisations the trade unions have a small scope of employee representation because most dialogue is done directly between the employer and employee.   In such small firms, the trade union efficiency in employee representation can be derived from their ability to negotiate for good pays and payment systems, hours of work, holiday, sick pay and pensions. Trade unions are regulated by labour Relations act. The labour Relations Act applies to all employers, workers, trade unions and employers’ organisations.   However the act does not apply to member of National Defence Force, National Intelligence Agency or South African Secret Service. Trade unions in large firms and organisations enhance the relationship between the employer and employee.   This is because the employees have their chosen representatives who present employee grievances to the trade union.   In large firms and organisations all aspects that concern the employment contract are made known to the trade union for the trade union to be effective. Employees who represent collective needs of employees to employer may face hostility from employers.   In most cases, the employees who stand out to fight for the collective rights of employees have lost their jobs and this has created sense of insecurity among employee leaders. This usually happens when the imposed changes are objected by the employer.   This problem has made employee representation through sponsored trade unions to be effective because trade unions are independent association of volunteers.   Sponsored trade unions, due to absence of fear of the repercussions are able to negotiate with employers, association of employers effectively so the employees’ interests are addressed (William and Adam Smith, 88). Employee representation through sponsored trade unions has been especially effective while dealing with collective issues that concern all employees in a given state.   The trade unions are mostly made up of radical individuals who are patriotic and committed to the overall objective of addressing employees’ interests which involve minimum wage of civil servants depending on the standard of living and economic growth or the country. Trade unions have been effective in addressing issues that concern mode of payment for employees to avoid such cases like delayed salaries and wages.   This has led to improved social welfare of the employees.   Trade unions have been known to intervene in cases where organisations and firms have failed to pay their employees in time.    Also, trade unions have intervened in cases where the employees are exploited through low wages.   The employees demand increment of salaries through trade unions.   The trade unions then hold meetings with the employer or association of employers to agree on the fair salary.   The intervention by trade unions had led to great improvement in the labour market and this can be seen through reduced strikes in most countries. In the past, there were few laws that governed issues elated to sick leaves, maternity leaves and general leaves.   The trade unions have been known to contribute greatly to the occupational law through identification of areas where unfair dismissal is applied. Most employees have suffered unfair dismissal from temporary contacts or permanent contract due to inevitable cases like when absenteeism occurs due to sickness and/or maternity leaves.   In small firms, employees have been known to suffer the ill-treatment silently but the presence of trade unions has shown a lot of improvement in the labour industry.   The trade union representative in such a case is allowed by the labour Relations Act to help and present workers in governance and disciplinary hearing when the employees agree (Blyton and Turnbull, 565). Increase in payment demands by employment has in most cases led to termination of employment of the pioneers of the idea.   This has fear among employees who want to maintain their employment.   However, the productivity of laborers decline because of the dissatisfaction with their salaries.   Trade unions therefore hold discussions with employers and they monitor the employer’s compliance with the labour relations Act which involves any law regulating terms and conditions of employment and whether they have honored any agreement that had been made between employer and employee. Employees cannot be able to monitor employer compliance with law due to fear of losing the employment hence employee representation through sponsored trade union ensure adherence by employer to any agreement that is passed concerning employee’s interest.   Effectiveness is achieved by ensuring employers comply and by reporting any failure by the employer to comply with the law or any made agreement to association of employers or any responsible authority or agency.   Employers are likely to act fast on the agreement when they are under the pressure of trade unions other than when employees are pushing. Employees have a tendency to act on the agreement made between employer and employees because employer acknowledge that trade unions are independent association that are protected and empowered by labour relations act. In countries where racism have been know to have great effect on employment environment especially issues regarding promotion and unfair treatment, trade unions have been known to intervene to ensure fair treat of all individual/employees in countries like US where racist is said to exist in most organisations, employees forward their grievances to trade unions because if they complain or demand justice, the employer may deny them their right or may terminate their contracts or employment. Employees therefore though the trade unions present their grievances to civil command and their discrimination issue is addressed. Employee representation through sponsored trade unions ensures that employers conform to anti-discrimination law; employees with different races, religion age and marital status are treated equally due to follow-up by trade union representative. There have been incidences where the working conditions pose a health hazard to the employees yet the remuneration given cannot cover the extent of risks the employees are exposed.   When individual employees complain of their dissatisfaction with the salary based on the risks the employees are exposed to, the employees may be terminated or may be pressurized to quit the job by the employer on the argument that there is plenty supply of labour.   The trade unions therefore intervene so that the employees are paid in accordance to the risks they are exposed to. Excess supply of labour had led to many employers’ taking advantage of the situation by paying the employees less wage as compared to the amount of work that they do.   Some employees may not even complain of their exploitation by the employer because they fear loosing their long awaited job.   In capitalistic societies, where the few are the owners of factors of production, there is high exploitation of the poor people who supply labour to the industries. The merchant in capitalistic societies pay constant wage which does not account for all the labour hours.   The poor work for more hours.   Trade unions in such situation have been known to be agents of social changes which may be radical.   The trade unions have contributed to the seizure of the habit by ensuring that employees are paid their worth irrespective of their positions.   Trade unions are accredited for presenting the grievances of the poor (Beardwell, 225). In organisation/firms where the employees are many, it becomes very hard to address the individual needs.   Trade unions therefore collect the individual needs and try to apply them to the whole group.   This is especially the case with civil servants who work in various regions of the state in different departments and therefore have different need. The trade unions address those needs by holding discussions with government officials and they may challenge the states labour law if they are to the disadvantage of employees.   The trade union in most countries have been known to cause remarkable changes in labour laws for example, setting the minimum wage that should be earned by any employee depending on the nature of job and category of job. Trade unions are effective more than individual employees especially in presenting individual rights since trade unions enjoy some favour from the industrial relations Bill in 2003.   The trade unions are able to negotiate for the members interests as association of employers. Trade unions contribute to the formation of government policies concerning resource allocations and other matters that concern employees.   Some trade union representatives are incorporated in the government policy making through writing proposals which the government use as guide in making the policies. The proposals consider the government resources and the human resource (employees) needs and make suggestions on how the government can integrate both parties’ demands given the scarce resources.   Though, even with the support from government through industrial relations Bill 2003, trade unions are faced with challenge of many cases taking long term to be completed.   There have been many pending cases in courts as noted in the Irish government (Beardwell, 225). Trade unions have been delegated many duties that concern employee interests.   However, trade union cannot represent the employees in full capacity to their employers.   This has led to formation of non-union groups in the industries, organisations or firms. These non-union groups are mainly composed of employees who seek to represent the grievances to the employers with an aim of consensus through dialogue.   The formation of non-union groups has been triggered by the disillusionments that have been incurred by many trade unions in Irish government.   The disillusionment is highly attributed by the long period of time that many industrial cases take in labour court.   In fact, the data from Irish government indicate that few races which may be less than ten cases have actually reached the determination stage (William and Adam Smith, 89). Most companies argue that there is scarcity of human resource in their firm and hence thus most times the labour is misused through denial of holiday leave some employees develop health complications due to overworking or work pressure.   Some employees when they report the need to be given lighter job are threatened or are denied the right because of their race, ethnicity or religion.   The employees can then sue the concerned organisation through the sponsored trade union for violation of occupational safety and health act.   This has brought positive results because employees have complied with the occupational safety and health act due to the power that trade union are accorded by the industrial relation Act. Most trade unions have been know to contribute greatly in the health and safety training of employees and employers and have had positive impact on the effectiveness f trade union.   In cases where the trade unions gain favour from employer or association of employers, through recognition, the trade union plans and strategies to address the issues that concern employees become very effective (Blyton,66). Most employers are reluctant to change the working conditions of their employees because they incur extra cost on the firm or organisation.   The employers in such cases do not pay attention to employee suggestions or grievances but intervention of trade unions enhance the situation because most employees are aware of the privileges that have been accorded trade unions by the industrial relations Act, 2003 (Edwards, 35). When an employer wants to introduce a new technology that is likely to affect the employees, the employees object the introduction through trade unions.   Most employers innovate ways in which to reduce operational costs without putting employees needs into consideration.   In most cases, the adoption of the technology requires lay off of some employees and this would have an effect on the employees’ welfare. The trade union takes up the matter and negotiates with the employer on the impact of the introduction on the economy.   Most employers have been known to balance their interests with the employees due to the effective presentation by trade unions. Strikes are common in many nations.   Strikes usually occur when the employees fail to act as per their agreement or sometimes strikes are done to demonstrate dissatisfaction with the employers’ services or treatment. Most employers have been noted to act very aggressively.   Some employees according ton various studies done in UK have been seen to fire few employees instead and this brought a lot of criticism from employees and public.   Trade unions become very crucial in such cases because they present the employees in court and sue for damages caused by the unfair dismissal of the employees.   In most cases, when the cases in court are taken up by trade unions, they are acted upon very fast other than individual employees because of the recognition of trade unions. Employees are meant to relate with their employers well.   The relationship between employer and employee should portray transparency and commitment by both parties towards the contract that they have entered into.   Good employee-employer relationship enhances the achievement of the organisations or firm’s goal.   When there is dialogue between employer and employee, the need for trade unions becomes insignificant. However, very few employers honour the terms and conditions of the contract according to occupational safety and health and yet they expect the employees to comply with the terms and conditions of the employment.   The conflict of interest between the two parties necessitates the need for an independent association trade union.   Other wise, compliance by both parties would produce positive results and would save time and cost on the firm or organisation incurred in legal proceedings. Most employees in UK have joined trade unions as shown by the government data.   The employees have joined the trade unions because of their recognition for the need of an arbitrator between then and the employees.   The employees can only be presented if they are members of trade union.   The membership is voluntary for all except members of defense. When most employees retire, there is tendency by the employers to fail to pay pensions.   Trade unions have noted to be effective in claiming the employees’ rights especially pension funds.   Most domestic jobs however do not have pension schemes for example the house keeping, shopkeeper attendant. This has limited the performance of trade unions because however much they want to assist the employees, the nature of job cannot favour the intervention of trade unions. Some employees have been known to abuse the trade unions power by failing to report of their absence from job and this limited the effectiveness of trade unions in presenting the employees.   Negligence by employees through for example, deliberately destroying a company’s wealth or resources like lighting a cigarette in a petrol station by an employee, cannot be protected.   The employers sometimes use the trade unions as puppet to push for their needs and interests.   This has led to ineffectiveness of many trade unions which have been disregarded by employers (Blyton, 33). The trade unions can liaise with the labour departments in many states.   The relationship between trade unions and labour departments has produced good fruits in many countries because it has increased recognition and the effectiveness of the unions.   The trade unions are known to gain favour from most governments hence the grievances of employees are addressed fast when they are represented through a trade union. The employee presentation through sponsored trade union can only be effective up to the point where the court ruling has been done.   Beyond court ruling the employee presentation through trade union then becomes insignificant.   The employees have to adhere to the court ruling whether it favours the employer or employee.   Most employees have face disillusionment after the trade unions efforts are undermined by the industrial court (Edwards, 21). Higher presentation of employees in the trade unions has contributed to higher returns or positive results.   This has been the inspiration by many employees to join trade unions.   The industrial Relation Act in Irish government which was amended in 2003 has been seen to favour trade unions.   However, the trade unions have realized their ineffectiveness due to the legislative system where many cases remain in court for so long.   The trade unions in Irish government were accorded right to bargain though labour courts and labour Relations Commission were given greater powers to resolve recognition and representation disputes (Beardwell, 213). Many countries are known to have similar legislative systems which give industrial Courts right to deal with employees’ disputes.   In countries, industrial courts recognize trade unions more than individual employees.   This had led to many employees been pressurized by the system to join trade union so that the disputes that have in industrial courts may be dealt with fast especially with intervention of trade unions. When trade unions are pushing for the employees’ interests, the employees feel at liberty to express them because they will not suffer victimization as would be the case if they pursued the interests or grievances as individual employees.   The labour relations commissions however, has reported cases of disillusionment the failure of the parties in disputes to meet timescale and deadlines in many instance.   The labour relations commission data in Irish government indicate that the failures are in most cases caused by employers but trade unions are not exempted too. In Europe, most employees even those working in small firms have enrolled into trade unions and this enhanced the services delivered to them.   However, the effort of trade unions has been undermined by the size and nature of employment. Trade unions are supposed to be independent in their practices that are directed into addressing the employees’ needs.   However, it’s easier said than done.   Some trade union representatives in their leadership positions seek to gain favour from the government.   This has led to few trade unions compromising their mission and objectives and this has proved ineffectiveness of the trade unions as employee representative.   In pursuit of favour from government officials or government itself, some union leaders have accepted tribes and this caused serious repercussions for the employee’s grievances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited Beardwell Ian. ‘A Critical Analysis.’ Contemporary Industrial Relations vol.1 (1996): 212-311. Blyton I & Turnbull P. The Dynamics of Employee Relations.3rd ed. London:   Palgrave, 2004. Edwards P. Industrial Relations Theory and Practice in Britain.2nd ed. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 2003. Williams S and Adam Smith D.   Contemporary Employment Relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

An Unwilling Hamlet Essay - 2630 Words

In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the main character, Hamlet is an unwilling creature. In having to enter and act in the world of his uncle, Hamlet becomes an unwilling creature of that world. When he chooses to obey the ghosts command and revenge his father, Hamlet accepts the inevitability that he must become part of this world. As the ripple of original vengeful intent widens and Hamlet is slowly but surely entangled in Claudius brutal world through his madness, his murders, his plots, his relationship with other characters and his revelations on life and more importantly, death. Even before the ghost urges Hamlet to avenge his death, Hamlet teeters on the edge of his uncles brutal world. While†¦show more content†¦Hamlets acceptance of the task of revenge, even if somewhat reluctant, is the key to entering Claudius world. Revenge in any context is morally wrong. Hamlet himself realises this and is aware that the deeds he is charged to commit can never bring about good, yet he knows he must complete them. O, cursed spite, That ever I was born to set it right. (Act2, Scene1) Hamlets intent to revenge his fathers murder dooms him from the start because of his wish to catch Claudius where bystanders may also be witness to his guilt, therefore turning Hamlet from an assassin to an executioner. Although Hamlet does get his wish the price he pays is far too dear, perhaps however the death of those eight people was the only solution to correct the times that were out of joint. Some may say that the end justifies the means but Hamlet does beco me an unwilling creature of Claudius world because as the original seed of revenge took root Hamlet could do nothing but let it grow. Hamlets plots to catch Claudius centre on his will to find out whether or not the apparition he witnessed was telling the truth. 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Advancements Of The Early Modern Period Medicine - 954 Words

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From the beginnings of the Early Modern Period medicine was essentially summed up in high mortality rates and the notion that men and women were two completely different people anatomically, treatments were largely herbal and the type of doctor you went to see depended on what was wrong with you and if you could afford them . â€Å"Attaining and preserving a state of health, therefore, required balance, and that equilibrium was inherently elusive and easily forfeited† . However, while there was some progress in this field throughout the period it was not as drastic as one would expect, the Galenic body of the four humours was still a dominantShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Medicinal Plant Use Medicinal Plants786 Words   |  4 Pagesin prehistoric times is the use of medicinal plant use (Medicinal Plants, 2016). These early uses likely resulted from a trial and error process with primitive humans. 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Organizational Behavior Comparison Between JPMorgan and...

Organizational Behavior Morgan Stanley is a multinational financial service corporation in America. It operates in 42 countries having more than 1300 offices and about 60,000 employees. Being a broad and diversified business it provides all kinds of financial support and services in the major markets of the world. JP Morgan Chase Co is a multinational banking corporation of investment, security as well as retrial. When it comes to assets it is the largest in the United States. It is a financial holding company that is global and its also a banking institution that operates globally. It offers services such as investment banking; financial services for small scale businesses and consumers, financial transaction processing, commercial banking, private equity and management of assets. Having looked at both companies and the services they offer a comparison can be made between the two on the basis of personality. Comparison between the two companies At JP Morgan Chase the work done by the employees really matters therefore the personality of the workers matter when it comes to the delivery of quality services to the clients. The entire team is dedicated to putting the resources that the company has as well as their voices to work each day for the companys customers and clients as they serve them on an individual and company basis and anyone that lies in between. Someone working in JP Morgan Chase should be a team player. When in a team the individual should beShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreHbr When Your Core Business Is Dying74686 Words   |  299 PagesHALLMARK and HUMAN ENERGY are trademarks of Chevron Corporation  ©2006 Chevron Corporation A l rights reserved APRIL 2007 Features 58 What Your Leader Expects of You Larry Bossidy A longtime CEO reveals the behaviors that leaders should look for in their subordinates – behaviors that drive individual as well as corporate performance and growth – and what those subordinates should expect in return. 58 66 Finding Your Next Core Business Chris Zook It may be hidden right under your noseRead MoreBranding in Clothing Industry22425 Words   |  90 PagesEffect of Brand Image on Consumer Purchasing Behaviour on Clothing: Comparison between China and the UK’s Consumers By Kwok Keung Tam 2007 A Dissertation presented in part consideration for the degree of â€Å"MSc International Business† Table of Content Page numbers Abstract i Acknowledgements ii Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 The importance of brand image on fashion clothing 1.2 Background information of China and the UK clothing markets 1.2.1 China clothing market 1.2.1.1 ChineseRead MoreDarden Mba Resumes16768 Words   |  68 Pagesï‚ · Performed independent review of pricing parameters and valuation methodology for structured trades to ensure fair valuation of high-risk securities worth $400MM ï‚ · Instrumental in starting a one-hour weekly training session for sharing knowledge between the London and Singapore offices; eased deployment of three new products in Singapore ï‚ · Headed an operational excellence project across ‘PL generation’ and ‘price testing’ teams to improve cross functional team efficiency; reduced turnaround time

The Vampire Diaries The Awakening Chapter Nine Free Essays

string(66) " must choose to live under the moon and in the hours of darkness\." She was not the reincarnation of Katherine. Driving back to the boarding house in the faint lavender hush before dawn, Stefan thought about that. He’d said as much to her, and it was true, but he was only now realizing how long he’d been working toward that conclusion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now He’d been aware of Elena’s every breath and move for weeks, and he’d catalogued every difference. Her hair was a shade or two paler than Katherine’s, and her eyebrows and lashes were darker. Katherine’s had been almost silvery. And she was taller than Katherine by a good handspan. She moved with greater freedom, too; the girls of this age were more comfortable with their bodies. Even her eyes, those eyes that had transfixed him with the shock of recognition that first day, were not really the same. Katherine’s eyes had usually been wide with childlike wonder, or else cast down as was proper for a young girl of the late fifteenth century. But Elena’s eyes met you straight on, looked at you steadily and without flinching. And sometimes they narrowed with determination or challenge in a way Katherine’s never had. In grace and beauty and sheer fascination, they were alike. But where Katherine had been a white kitten, Elena was a snow-white tigress. As he drove past the silhouettes of maple trees, Stefan cringed from the memory that sprang up suddenly. He would not think about that, he would not let himself†¦ but the images were already unreeling before him. It was as if the journal had fallen open and he could do no more than stare helplessly at the page while the story played itself out in his mind. White, Katherine had been wearing white that day. A new white gown of Venetian silk with slashed sleeves to show the fine linen chemise underneath. She had a necklace of gold and pearls about her neck and tiny pearl drop earrings in her ears. She had been so delighted with the new dress her father had commissioned especially for her. She had pirouetted in front of Stefan, lifting the full, floor-length skirt in one small hand to show the yellow brocaded underskirt beneath†¦ â€Å"You see, it is even embroidered with my initials. Papa had that done. Mein lieber Papa †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Her voice trailed off, and she stopped twirling, one hand slowly settling to her side. â€Å"But what is wrong, Stefan? You are not smiling.† He could not even try. The sight of her there, white and gold like some ethereal vision, was a physical pain to him. If he lost her, he did not know how he could live. His fingers closed convulsively around the cool engraved metal. â€Å"Katherine, how can I smile, how can I be happy when†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"When?† â€Å"When I see how you look at Damon.† There, it was said. He continued, painfully. â€Å"Before he came home, you and I were together every day. My father and yours were pleased, and spoke of marriage plans. But now the days grow shorter, summer is almost gone-and you spend as much time with Damon as you do with me. The only reason Father allows him to stay here is that you asked it. Butwhy did you ask it, Katherine? I thought you cared for me.† Her blue eyes were dismayed. â€Å"I do care for you, Stefan. Oh, you know I do!† â€Å"Then why intercede for Damon with my father? If not for you, he’d have thrown Damon out into the street†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Which I’m sure would have pleasedyou , little brother.† The voice at the door was smooth and arrogant, but when Stefan turned he saw that Damon’s eyes were smoldering. â€Å"Oh, no, that isn’t true,† said Katherine. â€Å"Stefan would never wish to see you hurt.† Damon’s lip quirked, and he threw Stefan a wry glance as he moved to Katherine’s side. â€Å"Perhaps not,† he said to her, his voice softening slightly. â€Å"But my brother is right about one thing at least. The days grow shorter, and soon your father will be leaving Florence. And he will take you with him-unless you have a reason to stay.† Unless you have a husband to stay with . The words were unspoken, but they all heard them. The baron was too fond of his daughter to force her to marry against her will. In the end it would have to be Katherine’s decision. Katherine’s choice. Now that the subject was broached, Stefan could not keep silent. â€Å"Katherine knows she must leave her father sometime soon-† he began, flaunting his secret knowledge, but his brother interrupted. â€Å"Ah, yes, before the old man grows suspicious,† Damon said casually. â€Å"Even the most doting of fathers must start to wonder when his daughter comes forth only at night.† Anger and hurt swept through Stefan. It was true, then; Damon knew. Katherine had shared her secret with his brother. â€Å"Why did you tell him, Katherine? Why? What can you see in him: a man who cares for nothing but his own pleasure? How can he make you happy when he thinks only of himself?† â€Å"And how can this boy make you happy when he knows nothing of the world?† Damon interposed, his voice razor-sharp with contempt. â€Å"How will he protect you when he has never faced reality? He has spent his life among books and paintings; let him stay there.† Katherine was shaking her head in distress, her jewel-blue eyes misted with tears. â€Å"Neither of you understand,† she said. â€Å"You are thinking that I can marry and settle here like any other lady of Florence. But I cannot be like other ladies. How could I keep a household of servants who will watch my every move? How could I live in one place where the people will see that the years do not touch me? There will never be a normal life for me.† She drew a deep breath and looked at them each in turn. â€Å"Who chooses to be my husband must give up the life of sunlight,† she whispered. â€Å"He must choose to live under the moon and in the hours of darkness. You read "The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Nine" in category "Essay examples"† â€Å"Then you must choose someone who is not afraid of shadows,† Damon said, and Stefan was surprised by the intensity of his voice. He had never heard Damon speak so earnestly or with so little affectation. â€Å"Katherine, look at my brother: will he be able to renounce the sunlight? He is too attached to ordinary things: his friends, his family, his duty to Florence. The darkness would destroy him.† â€Å"Liar!† cried Stefan. He was seething now. â€Å"I am as strong as you are,brother , and I fear nothing in the shadows or the sunlight either. And I love Katherine more than friends or family-† â€Å"-or your duty? Do you love her enough to give that up as well?† â€Å"Yes,† Stefan said defiantly. â€Å"Enough to give up everything.† Damon gave one of his sudden, disturbing smiles. Then he turned back to Katherine. â€Å"It would seem,† he said, â€Å"that the choice is yours alone. You have two suitors for your hand; will you take one of us or neither?† Katherine slowly bowed her golden head. Then she lifted wet blue eyes to both of them. â€Å"Give me until Sunday to think. And in the meantime, do not press me with questions.† Stefan nodded reluctantly. Damon said, â€Å"And on Sunday?† â€Å"Sunday evening at twilight I will make my choice.† Twilight†¦ the violet deep darkness of twilight†¦ The velvet hues faded around Stefan, and he came to himself. It was not dusk, but dawn, that stained the sky around him. Lost in his thoughts, he had driven up to the edge of the woods. To the northwest he could see Wickery Bridge and the graveyard. New memory set his pulse pounding. He had told Damon he was willing to give up everything for Katherine. And that was just what he had done. He had renounced all claim to the sunlight, and had become a creature of darkness for her. A hunter doomed to be forever hunted himself, a thief who had to steal life to fill his own veins. And perhaps a murderer. No, they had said the girl Vickie would not die. But his next victim might. The worst thing about this last attack was that he remembered nothing of it. He remembered the weakness, the overpowering need, and he remembered staggering through the church door, but nothing after. He’d come to his senses outside with Elena’s scream echoing in his ears-and he had raced to her without stopping to think about what might have happened. Elena†¦ For a moment he felt a rush of pure joy and awe, forgetting everything else. Elena, warm as sunlight, soft as morning, but with a core of steel that could not be broken. She was like fire burning in ice, like the keen edge of a silver dagger. But did he have the right to love her? His very feeling for her put her in danger. What if the next time the need took him Elena was the nearest living human, the nearest vessel filled with warm, renewing blood? I will die before touching her, he thought, making a vow of it. Before I broach her veins, I will die of thirst. And I swear she will never know ray secret. She will never have to give up the sunlight because of me. Behind him, the sky was lightening. But before he left, he sent out one probing thought, with all the force of his pain behind it, seeking for some other Power that might be near. Searching for some other solution to what had happened in the church. But there was nothing, no hint of an answer. The graveyard mocked him with silence. Elena woke with the sun shining in her window. She felt, at once, as if she’d just recovered from a long bout of the flu, and as if it were Christmas morning. Her thoughts jumbled together as she sat up. Oh. She hurt all over. But she and Stefan-that made everything right. That drunken slob Tyler†¦ But Tyler didn’t matter anymore. Nothing mattered except that Stefan loved her. She went downstairs in her nightgown, realizing from the light slanting in the windows that she must have slept in very late. Aunt Judith and Margaret were in the living room. â€Å"Good morning, Aunt Judith.† She gave her surprised aunt a long, hard hug. â€Å"And good morning, pumpkin.† She swept Margaret off her feet and waltzed around the room with her. â€Å"And-oh! Good morning, Robert.† A little embarrassed at her exuberance and her state of undress, she put Margaret down and hurried into the kitchen. Aunt Judith came in. Though there were dark circles under her eyes, she was smiling. â€Å"You seem in good spirits this morning.† â€Å"Oh, I am.† Elena gave her another hug, to apologize for the dark circles. â€Å"You know we have to go back to the sheriff’s to talk to them about Tyler.† â€Å"Yes.† Elena got juice out of the refrigerator and poured herself a glass. â€Å"But can I go over to Vickie Bennett’s house first? I know she must be upset, especially since it sounds like not everybody believes her.† â€Å"Do you believe her, Elena?† â€Å"Yes,† she said slowly, â€Å"I do believe her. And, Aunt Judith,† she added, coming to a decision, â€Å"something happened to me in the church, too. I thought-† â€Å"Elena! Bonnie and Meredith are here to see you.† Robert’s voice sounded from the hallway. The mood of confidence was broken. â€Å"Oh†¦ send them in,† Elena called, and took a sip of orange juice. â€Å"I’ll tell you about it later,† she promised Aunt Judith, as footsteps approached the kitchen. Bonnie and Meredith stopped in the doorway, standing with unaccustomed formality. Elena herself felt awkward, and waited until her aunt left the room again to speak. Then she cleared her throat, her eyes fixed on a worn tile in the linoleum. She sneaked a quick glance up and saw that both Bonnie and Meredith were staring at that same tile. She burst into laughter, and at the sound they both looked up. â€Å"I’m too happy to even be defensive,† Elena said, holding out her arms to them. â€Å"And I know I ought to be sorry about what I said, and Iam sorry, but I just can’t be all pathetic about it. I was terrible and I deserve to be executed, and now can we just pretend it never happened?† â€Å"Youought to be sorry, running off on us like that,† Bonnie scolded as the three of them joined in a tangled embrace. â€Å"And with Tyler Smallwood, of all people,† said Meredith. â€Å"Well, I learned my lesson on that score,† Elena said, and for a moment her mood darkened. Then Bonnie trilled laughter. â€Å"And you scored the big one yourself-Stefan Salvatore! Talk about dramatic entrances. When you came in the door with him, I thought I was hallucinating. How did youdo it?† â€Å"I didn’t. He just showed up, like the cavalry in one of those old movies.† â€Å"Defending your honor,† said Bonnie. â€Å"What could be more thrilling?† â€Å"I can think of one or two things,† said Meredith. â€Å"But then, maybe Elena’s got those covered, too.† â€Å"I’ll tell you all about it,† Elena said, releasing them and stepping back. â€Å"But first will you come over to Vickie’s house with me? I want to talk to her.† â€Å"You can talk tous while you’re dressing, and while we’re walking, and while you’re brushing your teeth for that matter,† said Bonnie firmly. â€Å"And if you leave out one tiny detail, you’re going to be facing the Spanish Inquisition.† â€Å"You see,† said Meredith archly, â€Å"all Mr. Tanner’s work has paid off. Bonnie now knows the Spanish Inquisition is not a rock group.† Elena was laughing with sheer ebullience as they went up the stairs. Mrs. Bennett looked pale and tired, but invited them in. â€Å"Vickie’s been resting; the doctor said to keep her in bed,† she explained, with a smile that trembled slightly. Elena, Bonnie, and Meredith crowded into the narrow hallway. Mrs. Bennett tapped lightly at Vickie’s door. â€Å"Vickie, sweetheart, some girls from school to see you. Don’t keep her long,† she added to Elena, opening the door. â€Å"We won’t,† Elena promised. She stepped into a pretty blue-and-white bedroom, the others right behind her. Vickie was lying in bed propped up on pillows, with a powder-blue comforter drawn up to her chin. Her face was paper-white against it, and her heavy-lidded eyes stared straight ahead. â€Å"That’s how she looked last night,† Bonnie whispered. Elena moved to the side of the bed. â€Å"Vickie,† she said softly. Vickie went on staring, but Elena thought her breathing changed slightly. â€Å"Vickie, can you hear me? It’s Elena Gilbert.† She glanced uncertainly at Bonnie and Meredith. â€Å"Looks like they gave her tranquilizers,† said Meredith. But Mrs. Bennett hadn’t said they’d given her any drugs. Frowning, Elena turned back to the unresponsive girl. â€Å"Vickie, it’s me, Elena. I just wanted to talk to you about last night. I want you to know that I believe you about what happened.† Elena ignored the sharp glance Meredith gave her and continued. â€Å"And I wanted to ask you-† â€Å"No!† It was a shriek, raw and piercing, torn from Vickie’s throat. The body that had been as still as a wax figure exploded into violent action. Vickie’s light-brown hair whipped across her cheeks as she tossed her head back and forth and her hands flailed at the empty air. â€Å"No! No!† she screamed. â€Å"Do something!† Bonnie gasped. â€Å"Mrs. Bennett! Mrs. Bennett!† Elena and Meredith were trying to hold Vickie on the bed, and she was fighting them. The shrieking went on and on. Then suddenly Vickie’s mother was beside them, helping to hold her, pushing the others away. â€Å"What did you do to her?† she cried. Vickie clutched at her mother, calming down, but then the heavy-lidded eyes glimpsed Elena over Mrs. Bennett’s shoulder. â€Å"You’re part of it! You’re evil!† she screamed hysterically at Elena. â€Å"Keep away from me!† Elena was dumbfounded. â€Å"Vickie! I only came to ask-† â€Å"I think you’d better leave now. Leave us alone,† said Mrs. Bennett, clasping her daughter protectively. â€Å"Can’t you see what you’re doing to her?† In stunned silence, Elena left the room. Bonnie and Meredith followed. â€Å"It must be drugs,† said Bonnie once they were out of the house. â€Å"She just went completely nonlinear.† â€Å"Did you notice her hands?† Meredith said to Elena. â€Å"When we were trying to restrain her, I got hold of one of her hands. And it was cold as ice.† Elena shook her head in bewilderment. None of it made sense, but she wouldn’t let it spoil her day. She wouldn’t. Desperately, she searched her mind for something that would offset the experience, that would allow her to hold on to her happiness. â€Å"I know,† she said. â€Å"The boarding house.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I told Stefan to call me today, but why don’t we walk over to the boarding house instead? It’s not far from here.† â€Å"Only a twenty-minute walk,† said Bonnie. She brightened. â€Å"At least we can finally see that room of his.† â€Å"Actually,† said Elena, â€Å"I was thinking you two could wait downstairs. Well, I’ll only get to see him for a few minutes,† she added, defensively, as they looked at her. It was odd, perhaps, but she didn’t want to share Stefan with her friends just yet. He was so new to her that he felt almost like a secret. Their knock on the shining oak door was answered by Mrs. Flowers. She was a wrinkled little gnome of a woman with surprisingly bright black eyes. â€Å"You must be Elena,† she said. â€Å"I saw you and Stefan go out last night, and he told me your name when he came back.† â€Å"You saw us?† said Elena, startled. â€Å"I didn’t see you.† â€Å"No, no you didn’t,† said Mrs. Flowers, and chuckled. â€Å"What a pretty girl you are, my dear,† she added. â€Å"A very pretty girl.† She patted Elena’s cheek. â€Å"Uh, thank you,† said Elena uneasily. She didn’t like the way those birdlike eyes were fixed on her. She looked past Mrs. Flowers to the stairs. â€Å"Is Stefan home?† â€Å"He must be, unless he’s flown off the roof!† said Mrs. Flowers, and chuckled again. Elena laughed politely. â€Å"We’ll stay down here with Mrs. Flowers,† said Meredith to Elena, while Bonnie rolled her eyes in martyrdom. Hiding a grin, Elena nodded and mounted the stairs. Such a strange old house, she thought again as she located the second stairway in the bedroom. The voices below were very faint from here, and as she went up the steps they faded entirely. She was wrapped in silence, and as she reached the dimly lit door at the top, she had the feeling she had entered some other world. Her knocking sounded very timid. â€Å"Stefan?† She could hear nothing from inside, but suddenly the door swung open.Everyone must look pale and tired today , thought Elena, and then she was in his arms. Those arms tightened about her convulsively. â€Å"Elena. Oh, Elena†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Then he drew back. It was just the way it had been last night; Elena could feel the chasm opening between them. She saw the cold, correct look gather in his eyes. â€Å"No,† she said, hardly aware that she spoke aloud. â€Å"I won’t let you.† And she pulled his mouth down to hers. For a moment there was no response, and then he shuddered, and the kiss became searing. His fingers tangled in her hair, and the universe shrank around Elena. Nothing else existed but Stefan, and the feel of his arms around her, and the fire of his lips on hers. A few minutes or a few centuries later they separated, both shaking. But their gaze remained connected, and Elena saw that Stefan’s eyes were too dilated for even this dim light; there was only a thin band of green around the dark pupils. He looked dazed, and his mouth-that mouth!-was swollen. â€Å"I think,† he said, and she could hear the control in his voice, â€Å"that we had better be careful when we do that.† Elena nodded, dazed herself. Not in public, she was thinking. And not when Bonnie and Meredith were waiting downstairs. And not when they were absolutely alone, unless†¦ â€Å"But you can just hold me,† she said. How odd, that after that passion she could feel so safe, so peaceful, in his arms. â€Å"I love you,† she whispered into the rough wool of his sweater. She felt a quiver go through him. â€Å"Elena,† he said again, and it was a sound almost of despair. She raised her head. â€Å"What’s wrong with that? What could possibly be wrong with that, Stefan? Don’t you love me?† â€Å"I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He looked at her, helplessly-and they heard Mrs. Flowers’s voice calling faintly from the bottom of the stairs. â€Å"Boy! Boy! Stefan!† It sounded as if she were pounding on the banister with her shoe. Stefan sighed. â€Å"I’d better go see what she wants.† He slipped away from her, his face unreadable. Left alone, Elena folded her arms across her chest and shivered. It was so cold here. He ought to have a fire, she thought, eyes moving idly around the room to rest finally on the mahogany dresser she’d examined last night. The coffer. She glanced at the closed door. If he came back in and caught her†¦ She really shouldn’t-but she was already moving toward the dresser. Think of Bluebeard’s wife, she told herself. Curiosity killedher . But her fingers were on the iron lid. Her heart beating rapidly, she eased the lid open. In the dim light, the coffer appeared at first to be empty, and Elena gave a nervous laugh. What had she expected? Love letters from Caroline? A bloody dagger? Then she saw the thin strip of silk, folded over and over on itself neatly in one corner. She drew it out and ran it between her fingers. It was the apricot ribbon she’d lost the second day of school. Oh, Stefan. Tears stung her eyes, and in her chest love welled up helplessly, overflowing. That long ago? You cared about me that long ago? Oh, Stefan, I love you†¦ And it doesn’t matter if you can’t say it to me, she thought. There was a sound outside the door, and she folded the ribbon quickly and replaced it in the coffer. Then she turned toward the door, blinking tears from her eyes. It doesn’t matter if you can’t say it right now. I’ll say it for both of us. And someday you’ll learn. How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Awakening Chapter Nine, Essay examples

Descartes vs. Berkeley 03/05/95 Essay Example For Students

Descartes vs. Berkeley 03/05/95 Essay Descartes vs. Berkeley 03/05/95 In Descartes First Meditation, Descartes writes that he hascome to the conclusion that many of the opinions he held in hisyouth are doubtful, and consequently all ideas built upon thoseopinions are also doubtful. He deduces that he will have todisprove his current opinions and then construct a new foundationof knowledge if he wants to establish anything firm and lasting inthe sciences that is absolutely true. But rather than disproveeach of his opinions individually, Descartes attacks the principlesthat support everything he believes with his Method of Doubt. TheMethod of Doubt is Descartes method of fundamental questioning inwhich he doubts everything that there is the slightest reason todoubt. It should be mentioned that Descartes does not necessarilybelieve that everything he doubts is true. He does believe,however, that whatever can not be doubted for the slightest reasonmust be true. Descartes spends Meditation One trying to disprove hisfundamental beliefs. First, Descartes doubts that his senses aregenerally trustworthy because they are occasionally deceitful (eg. a square tower may look round from far away). Also, because herealizes that there are no definitive signs for him to distinguishbeing awake from being asleep, he concludes that he can not trusthis judgement to tell him whether he is awake or asleep. Butasleep or awake, arithmetic operations still yield the same answerand the self-preservation instinct still holds. To disprove these,Descartes abandons the idea of a supremely good God like he hasbelieved in all his life and supposes an evil genius, all-powerfuland all-clever, who has directed his entire effort at deceivingDescartes by putting ideas into Descartes head. With these three main doubts, each progressively more broad,Descartes finally is satisfied that he has sufficiently disprovedhis previous opinions. He now is ready to build a new foundationof knowledge of a physical world (the real world) based on whatmust absolutely be true. Berkeley, however, would argue that Descartes is wasting histime by trying to discover what must be absolutely true in the realworld. In his Dialogue One, Berkeley argues that there is no realworld, and that all sensible objects (those which can beimmediately perceived) exist only in the mind. He starts byproving that secondary (extrinsic) qualities exist only in the mindby use of the Relativity of Perception Argument. As an example,Berkeley writes that if you make one of your hands hot and theother cold, and put them into a vessel of water, the water willseem cold to one hand and warm to the other. Since the water cannot be warm and cold at the same time, it must follow that heat (asecondary quality) must only exist in the mind. Berkeley also usesthe qualities of taste, sound, and color as examples to prove thatall secondary qualities must reside in the mind. However, Berkeley also says the same argument can be appliedto primary (intrinsic) qualities. He writes that to a mite, hisown foot might seem a considerable dimension, but to smallercreatures, that same foot might seem very large. Since an objectcan not be different sizes at the same time, it follows thatextension must exist only in the mind. Further, since all otherprimary characteristics can not be separated from extension, theytoo must exist only in the mind. An interesting aspect of Descartes Dualistic view andBerkeleys Idealistic view is the necessity of God. Descartesneeds an all-good non-deceiving God to insure that the ideas ofprimary qualities of objects he perceives in his mind accuratelyrepresent those qualities of objects in the external world. In theThird Meditation, Descartes says that God is infinite and finite isthe lack of infinite. Infinite, he says, is NOT the lack offinite. Since our concept of the infinite could not have come fromthe concept of the finite (since infinite is not the lack offinite), the idea of infinite could only have come from God. Thisproof is shaky at best. .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 , .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .postImageUrl , .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 , .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03:hover , .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03:visited , .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03:active { border:0!important; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03:active , .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03 .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc367a79f3145f7479d7e12edafdffa03:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Life and Times of Holden Caufield EssayBerkeley, on the other hand, needs God to give us the ideas ofthe objects we see since there is no physical world to draw thoseideas from through the senses. But rather than proving God toprove his philosophy, Berkeley uses his philosophy as the proof ofGods existence. In his Second Dialogue, Berkeley says God mustexist to put the same real ideas into everybodys minds becauseminds cannot interact directly. However, if it were the case thatGod did not actually exist (or had used his infinite powers toremove his infinity after he created the universe because he was nolonger needed), both Descartes and Berkeley would find theirphilos ophies in trouble.